वर्णमाला
स्वर Swar (Vowels):
* अ (a):
* Pronounced like the "a" in "about" or the "a" in "అ" (a) in Telugu.
* आ (ā):
* Pronounced like the "a" in "father" or "ఆ" (aa) in Telugu.
* इ (i):
* Pronounced like the "i" in "sit" or "ఇ" (i) in Telugu.
* ई (ī):
* Pronounced like the "ee" in "see" or "ఈ" (ee) in Telugu.
* उ (u):
* Pronounced like the "u" in "put" or "ఉ" (u) in Telugu.
* ऊ (ū):
* Pronounced like the "oo" in "moon" or "ఊ" (oo) in Telugu.
* ऋ (ṛ):
* A retroflex "ri" sound, somewhat like "ru" with the tongue curled. This sound is present in sanskrit based telugu words, but not commonly used in every day spoken telugu.
* ए (e):
* Pronounced like the "e" in "bed" or "ఎ" (e) in Telugu.
* ऐ (ai):
* Pronounced like the "ai" in "aisle" or "ఐ" (ai) in Telugu.
* ओ (o):
* Pronounced like the "o" in "open" or "ఒ" (o) in Telugu.
* औ (au):
* Pronounced like the "au" in "house" or "ఔ" (au) in Telugu.
* अं (aṃ):
* A nasalized "am" sound.
* अः (aḥ):
* A "ha" sound after the "a".
व्यंजन Vyanjan (Consonants):
* क (ka):
* Like "ka" in Telugu.
* ख (kha):
* Like "kha" (aspirated "ka").
* ग (ga):
* Like "ga" in Telugu.
* घ (gha):
* Like "gha" (aspirated "ga").
* ङ (ṅa):
* A nasal "ng" sound.
* च (ca):
* Like "cha" in Telugu.
* छ (cha):
* Like "chha" (aspirated "cha").
* ज (ja):
* Like "ja" in Telugu.
* झ (jha):
* Like "jha" (aspirated "ja").
* ञ (ña):
* A nasal "nya" sound.
* ट (ṭa):
* A retroflex "ta" sound.
* ठ (ṭha):
* A retroflex aspirated "tha" sound.
* ड (ḍa):
* A retroflex "da" sound.
* ढ (ḍha):
* A retroflex aspirated "dha" sound.
* ण (ṇa):
* A retroflex nasal "na" sound.
* त (ta):
* Like "ta" in Telugu.
* थ (tha):
* Like "tha" (aspirated "ta").
* द (da):
* Like "da" in Telugu.
* ध (dha):
* Like "dha" (aspirated "da").
* न (na):
* Like "na" in Telugu.
* प (pa):
* Like "pa" in Telugu.
* फ (pha):
* Like "pha" (aspirated "pa").
* ब (ba):
* Like "ba" in Telugu.
* भ (bha):
* Like "bha" (aspirated "ba").
* म (ma):
* Like "ma" in Telugu.
* य (ya):
* Like "ya" in Telugu.
* र (ra):
* Like "ra" in Telugu.
* ल (la):
* Like "la" in Telugu.
* व (va):
* Like "va" in Telugu.
* श (śa/sh):
* Like "sha" in Telugu.
* ष (ṣa):
* A retroflex "sha" sound.
* स (sa):
* Like "sa" in Telugu.
* ह (ha):
* Like "ha" in telugu.
* क्ष (kṣa):
* A combined sound of "ksha".
* त्र (tra):
* A combined sound of "tra".
* ज्ञ (jña):
* A combined sound of "gya".
Key Considerations:
* Aspiration: Hindi has aspirated consonants (like "kha," "gha"), which involve a puff of air. This is a key difference from Telugu.
* Retroflex Sounds: Hindi has retroflex consonants (like "ṭa," "ḍa"), produced by curling the tongue back. These are also present in telugu, but there are d
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